+

+faststart

An ffmpeg flag (`-movflags +faststart`) that moves the MP4 metadata header to the front of the file so the video can start playing before it has fully downloaded. Critical for autoplay tiles on the web and for fast loading inside Instagram and TikTok ad managers. Every video Jewels Retouch produces is post-processed with +faststart so that hosted-page autoplay is instant.

9

9:16 Reels

A 9:16 vertical aspect ratio video — 1080×1920 pixels at HD or 720×1280 at 720p — sized for Instagram Reels, TikTok, and YouTube Shorts. 9:16 fills the entire phone screen edge-to-edge. For jewelry ad videos, 9:16 is the default because every short-form social platform uses it and ad units are fastest to set up at this ratio.

A

Aðalmynd

Aðalvörumyndin sem sýnd er áberandi á vörulýsingarsíðu. Fyrir skartgripi sýnir aðalmyndin venjulega hlutinn frá hagfelldasta horninu með bestu ljósun og framsetningu.

Aperture (f-stop)

The opening in a camera lens that controls how much light reaches the sensor and the depth of field. Written f/1.8, f/2.8, f/8, etc. — smaller number means wider opening and shallower focus. For jewelry, f/8–f/16 is the standard range: f/8 is enough depth to keep a ring front-to-back sharp; f/16 brings the deepest necklace into focus. Wider apertures (f/1.8–f/4) only work for single-point focus shots where creative blur is intentional.

Aspect Ratio

The ratio of image width to height. Standard jewelry product aspect ratios: 1:1 square (Amazon, Etsy primary, Instagram Shop), 4:5 portrait (Instagram feed-optimized), 16:9 landscape (TikTok Shop carousel), 3:4 portrait (Shopify and eBay mobile). Aspect ratio affects both platform acceptance and perceived product size — square ratios feel stable, portrait ratios feel more premium.

AI Prompt (Jewelry)

A natural-language instruction given to a generative AI model specifying what treatment to apply to a jewelry image. Effective jewelry prompts reference the piece type (ring/earring/necklace), the metal (gold/silver/platinum/rose-gold), the stone (diamond/sapphire/pearl), the treatment (background removal, color correction, dust removal, shadow creation), and the output constraint (aspect ratio, resolution). Over-specified prompts produce artifacts; under-specified prompts produce generic output.

Ad video

A short video — typically 5 to 15 seconds — designed to run as paid creative on Meta, TikTok, or Google. Ad videos open with a strong visual hook within the first second, hold one clear product focus, and end on a brand cue. AI-generated 5-second jewelry ad videos fit Meta's and TikTok's recommended hook length almost exactly and double as Reels covers.

AAC audio

Advanced Audio Coding — the audio codec used inside MP4 video containers, including the videos Jewels Retouch produces. AAC is universally supported by Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and every major ad platform. AAC at 128 kbps is the standard for short-form ad video; lower bitrates noticeably degrade music tracks, while higher bitrates waste bandwidth without perceptual gain.

Aspect ratio (video)

The width-to-height ratio of a video frame. Standard jewelry video ratios: 9:16 vertical (Reels, TikTok, Stories — the dominant format), 16:9 landscape (YouTube, Meta in-stream), 1:1 square (Instagram feed), 3:4 portrait (legacy Instagram feed, eBay mobile). Choosing the wrong ratio at generation time means cropping or letterboxing later — Jewels Retouch lets you pick all four at the moment of render.

B

Bakgrunnsfjarlæging

Ferlið við að aðskilja skartgripahlutar frá upprunalegum bakgrunni og búa til gegnsæjan eða einlitan bakgrunn. Nauðsynlegt fyrir rafræn viðskipti þar sem hreinn hvítur eða hlutlægar bakgrunnur er krafist.

Bezel Setting

A setting where a metal rim surrounds the entire perimeter of a stone, holding it in place with no prongs. Considered the most protective setting — common for active wearers and industrial use. Bezels reduce a stone's apparent sparkle by ~15-20% because the metal blocks side light entry. For product shots, use gradient top lighting to draw focus to the stone's face rather than the surrounding metal.

Bokeh

The aesthetic quality of out-of-focus areas in a photograph, particularly how blurred highlights render. Good bokeh is smooth and creamy; bad bokeh is jagged or doubled. Jewelry photography usually minimizes bokeh by stopping down to f/8+ for full-subject sharpness — intentional bokeh only belongs in lifestyle/editorial jewelry shoots, never catalog.

C

Clarity (Demant)

GIA-einkunnakerfi sem metur hversu frjáls demantur er frá innri ófullkomleika og yfirborðsgöllum, frá Gallalaus (FL) efst til Með göllum (I3) neðst. Flokkar í röð: FL, IF, VVS1–2, VS1–2, SI1–2, I1–3. VS2 og hærri virðast gallalaus fyrir berum augum. Í skartgripasmyndaveiðu er hreinleiki metinn við 10x stærðun og hefur áhrif á hversu mikinn innri glitri (scintillation) sem endurbætingar geta aukið.

Cut (Diamond)

The GIA grading scale rating how well a diamond's facets reflect light, independent of shape. Grades: Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, Poor. Cut affects brilliance (white-light return), fire (color dispersion), and scintillation (sparkle pattern). The most consequential of the 4Cs for photographed sparkle — a well-cut D-color diamond photographs with more fire than a poorly-cut D.

Color (Diamond)

The GIA color grading scale runs D (colorless) to Z (light yellow/brown). D–F are colorless, G–J near-colorless, K–M faint yellow, N–R very light, S–Z light. For white-metal settings, G–H is typically the sweet spot for apparent white without the D–F price premium. Color grading is assessed face-down against a white background under controlled 6500K lighting — the same conditions jewelry photography should replicate.

Catalog photo

A jewelry product photograph optimized for marketplace listings — typically pure white background (RGB 255), clean even lighting, the piece centered and filling 60–85% of the frame, no props or hands. Required by Amazon, preferred by Etsy and Shopify. Catalog photos prioritize clarity and consistency over mood; they are deliberately interchangeable across SKUs.

D

Dreifð ljósun

Mjúkt, dreift ljós sem lágmarkar hörð skugga og heitt blett. Búið til með softboxum, ljóstjöldum eða gegnsæjum spjöldum. Æskilegt fyrir skartgripaljósmyndun til að sýna smáatriði án yfirgnæfandi endurskinsmerki.

Depth of Field

The zone in front of and behind the focus plane that appears acceptably sharp. Controlled by aperture, focal length, and subject distance. Jewelry typically needs 2–4mm of depth of field to keep a ring band front-to-back sharp; this usually means f/11 or narrower with a macro lens. Focus stacking extends depth of field beyond what a single aperture can achieve.

Dust Spot

A small dark or light blemish on an image caused by dust particles on the camera sensor or lens. Most visible at narrow apertures (f/11+) against uniform backgrounds (white backdrops). Jewelry's glossy metal surfaces make dust spots read as extra reflections or pitted metal. AI dust removal uses a spatial frequency pass to detect these anomalies without damaging the surrounding intentional detail.

E

EXIF

Exchangeable Image File Format — metadata embedded in a photo describing capture settings (camera, lens, aperture, shutter, ISO, focal length, GPS). Marketplaces like Amazon read EXIF to detect stock photos and duplicate listings. For privacy, strip GPS and serial number fields before publishing, but leave exposure metadata intact — it signals genuine photography.

F

Fellisskuggi

Hermdur skuggi settur undir skartgripinn til að gefa honum dýptartilfinningu og festingu á síðunni. Algengur í rafrænum viðskiptaljósmyndun til að koma í veg fyrir að vörur líti svífandi út.

Fókusstaflun

Tækni þar sem margar myndir af sama efni eru teknar á mismunandi fókuspunktum og sameinaðar til að búa til eina mynd með fullkomnum skarpleika framan til baka. Nauðsynlegt fyrir nálægar skartgripamyndir þar sem dýptarsvið er mjög grunnt.

Focal Length

The distance in millimeters from the lens's optical center to the sensor when focused at infinity. Determines field of view and magnification. For jewelry: 90–105mm macro is the standard (tight perspective, minimal distortion); 50mm works for larger flat-lay compositions; wide-angle lenses under 35mm distort shape and are unsuitable for jewelry.

First-frame conditioning

The technique of using a fixed reference image as the literal first frame of a generated video so that downstream frames stay consistent with it. First-frame conditioning is what prevents AI video tools from morphing a ring's setting or stone shape mid-clip; the model is structurally biased to match the source pixels at frame 0 and degrade gracefully from there.

Free preview

A watermarked low-resolution version of an AI result shown before the user spends a credit. Lets sellers verify the result matches their jewelry before committing. Jewels Retouch shows free previews on every photo and video render; only the final approved download deducts credits.

G

Gimsteinsaukning

Stafrænar stillingar til að bæta sjónræna framsetningu gimsteina á myndum — auka skýrleika, auka litamettun og auka eld og glans sniðinna steina.

Glamuraukning

Stafrænar aðferðir til að auka náttúrulega glamur og glæsileika gimsteina og demanta á myndum. Felur í sér vandvirkni aukningu á hágæðum við brúnir fasetta á meðan náttúrulegur útlit er viðhaldið.

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H

Hvítur jafnvægi

Myndavél eða eftirvinnslubreyting sem tryggir að hlutlægir litir líti hlutlægir út — hvítt lítur hvítt út, ekki blátt eða gult. Mikilvægt í skartgripaljósmyndun þar sem jafnvel lítil litahlutdrægni kemur rangt fram á málmi og gimsteinslitum.

Halo Setting

A center stone surrounded by a ring of smaller accent stones, typically melee diamonds or pavé. The halo effect visually enlarges the center stone and boosts total sparkle. Popular in modern engagement rings. Halo rings photograph best with slightly top-down angles (10–20° from horizontal) to show both the halo and the center stone's crown facets without hiding either.

I

ISO

The camera sensor's sensitivity to light. ISO 100 is the cleanest setting (base sensitivity); each doubling (200, 400, 800, …) halves the required light but adds digital noise. For jewelry photography, stay at ISO 100–200 whenever lighting permits — jewelry surfaces reveal sensor noise dramatically, and noise reduction blurs fine engraving. If you need ISO 800+, add more light instead.

Image-to-video

A class of AI video generation that takes a single still image as the first frame and produces a short clip from it, rather than generating from text alone. Image-to-video is the right approach for jewelry ad video because the input photo locks the design — the AI only adds motion, lighting, and effects. Jewels Retouch uses image-to-video as the default video pipeline; the source photo becomes the first visible frame.

Instagram scene

A jewelry photograph styled like editorial or lifestyle content — textured backgrounds (linen, marble, velvet), props (florals, hands, candles), warmer lighting, tighter or asymmetric crops. Instagram scenes prioritize emotion and aesthetic over marketplace clarity. Best for Reels covers, brand Instagram feeds, Pinterest pins, and ad creative — not for Amazon's primary listing image.

K

Karatsprengja

Þyngdareining fyrir gimsteina jöfn 200 milligrömmum. Ekki rugla saman við karat (gullhreintæki). Í ljósmyndun hefur þyngd í karatsprengum áhrif á hvernig stærð og hlutföll gimsteins koma fram á myndum.

Klippingaslóð

Ferilslína teiknuð í kringum hlut til að skilgreina brúnir hans nákvæmlega. Notuð til að aðskilja skartgripi frá bakgrunni með nákvæmni á pixelsstigi, sérstaklega fyrir flókin form eins og keðjur og fíligran.

Karat (gull)

Mælikvarði á gullhreintæki þar sem 24 karat er hreint gull. 18K er 75% gull, 14K er 58,3%. Í klippingu hafa mismunandi karat gulls mismunandi litbrigði sem þarf að gefa nákvæmlega til kynna.

Klipping

Eftirvinnslubreytingar til að bæta ljósmynd eftir að hún hefur verið tekin. Í skartgripaljósmyndun felur klipping í sér fjarlægingu rykjagnar, grápenuleiðrétting, glamuraukning, bakgrunnsendurnýjun og litleiðrétting.

Klóarfesting

Gimsteinsfestingarstigull sem notar málmkló (klær) til að halda steininum á sínum stað. Í ljósmyndun þarf klærnar að vera skarpir og skýrt skilgreindir — klipping felur oft í sér hreinsun á útliti klóarenda.

L

Lotunnarvinnsla

Að beyta sömu klippingarvinnslum á margar myndir samtímis. Lotunnarvinnsla dregur verulega úr tíma við undirbúning stórra vörulýsingasafna með hundruðum vörumynda.

Litleiðrétting

Stillingur litajafnvægis myndar til að gefa nákvæma framsetningu á raunlitum skartgripa. Tryggir að gull líti út sem gull, silfur sem silfur og litir gimsteina eru líflegir án ofmettingar.

Ljósmyndun fyrir rafræn viðskipti

Vöruljósmyndun sérstaklega fínstillt fyrir netverslun. Krefst hvíts eða hlutlægs bakgrunns, margra horna, samræmdrar ljósunar og hárrar upplausnar fyrir suðurstarfsemi.

Ljósbox

Innilokaður, dreifðir-ljósa ljósmyndunaruppsetning notuð til að jafna lýsingu á litlum vörum eins og skartgripum. Lágmarkar hörð skugga og endurskinsmerki og skapar hreinn upphafspunkt fyrir klippingu.

M

Makróljósmyndun

Mjög nálæg ljósmyndun sem sýnir fína smáatriði eins og gimsteinsfasetta, tentarfestingar og yfirborðsáferðir. Krefst sérhæfðra makrólinsa og er stöðluð framkvæmd í hágæða skartgripaljósmyndun.

Málmendurskin

Spegelkennd endurskin sýnileg á pússuðum málmyfirborðum í skartgripum. Stjórnun endurskinsmerki er ein stærsta áskorunin í skartgripaljósmyndun — þau geta afhjúpað stúdíóbúnað eða framleitt óæskilega blöndun.

Mask

A grayscale image that tells retouching software which pixels to affect and which to leave alone. Pure white = full effect, pure black = no effect, gray = proportional blending. Jewelry retouching relies heavily on masks: subject-from-background masks for background removal, luminosity masks for highlight recovery, and manual masks for cleaning up individual gemstones without affecting the setting.

P

Pavé Setting

A setting style where many small diamonds are set close together on the jewelry surface, held by tiny beads or prongs, so the metal nearly disappears under the stones. Produces a continuous shimmering field. Pavé requires sharp macro photography (f/8–f/11) to keep every stone in focus; shallow depth-of-field blurs stones at the edges and flattens the effect.

Product Fill

The percentage of the image frame occupied by the product. Amazon requires 85%+ for primary listing images; Etsy recommends 60–80%; Shopify accepts any fill but converts best at 70–85%. Product fill is measured by the smallest axis-aligned bounding box that contains the jewelry. Auto-croppers and the Jewels Retouch photo checker validate this against each platform's rules.

Pure White Background

A product photography background at RGB 255/255/255 (exact) with no gradient, no specular highlight, and no visible edge between product and backdrop. Required by Amazon (primary image), strongly preferred by Walmart and Shopify. Achieved by either overexposing a light-colored backdrop by +2 stops or via post-processing background replacement. The Jewels Retouch photo checker flags white backgrounds that fall below 250 RGB threshold.

R

Rósaguld

Gull blandað kopar (og smá silfri) til að framleiða bleika liti. Vinsælt í trúðuhringjum og lágmörkuðum skartgripum. Koparinnihald er á bilinu ~18% (14k) til ~25% (18k). Rósagull oxast lítillega með tímanum og myndar hlýrri oxidlögu. Fyrir vörumyndatöku endurkastar rósagull hita húðar vel og birtist best undir hlutlausum 5000-5500K birtustig.

Rhodium Plating

A thin layer of rhodium (a white platinum-group metal) electroplated onto white gold jewelry to give it a bright, hard, mirror-like finish. Wears off over 1–2 years of daily wear and needs re-plating. Photographically, freshly-plated rhodium reflects nearly all visible light evenly — perfect for clean product shots but brutal on any dust or fingerprints, which retouching has to clone out carefully.

RAW File

The unprocessed sensor data from a digital camera, typically 14-bit per channel, containing 2–4 stops more dynamic range than JPEG. RAW formats include Canon CR3, Nikon NEF, Sony ARW, Adobe DNG. For jewelry photography, always shoot RAW — recovery of blown highlights on metal reflections and shadow detail in deep settings is impossible from JPEG.

Reference Image (AI Retouching)

A second image supplied alongside the target photo to tell the AI model what style, lighting, or composition to match. Used to enforce catalog consistency across hundreds of items. For a seller with 500 rings, uploading one reference image of their 'house style' causes every subsequent retouch to match that lighting direction, background tone, and shadow softness.

S

Samræmi í vörulýsingarsafni

Að tryggja að allar vörumyndir í safni deili eins bakgrunni, ljósun, hornum og litajafnvægi. Samræmi skapar faglega, traustvekjandi verslunarreynslu og er mikilvægt fyrir vörumerkjaímynd.

Skuggamyndun

Stafræn sköpun raunverulegra skugga eftir bakgrunnsfjarlægingu. Skuggar festir vöruna í rýmið og bætir dýpt. Algeng gerðir eru felliskuggi, endurskinsssuggi og náttúrulegur skuggi.

SKU-ljósmyndun

Kerfisbundin vöruljósmyndun þar sem hvert birgðahald (SKU) fær stöðluðar myndir. Skartgripamerki geta tekið myndir af þúsundum SKU sem þarfnast sömu framsetningar fyrir samræmi í vörulýsingarsafni.

Stíltilvísun

Dæmismynd sem skilgreinir þann visuella hlekk sem óskað er eftir fyrir hóp af klipptum myndum. Tilgreinir bakgrunnslit, ljósunarhorn, skuggagerð og heildarlægi. Notuð af Jewels Retouch til að tryggja að hverja mynd í safni passi.

Snúningslykill ljósmyndun

Notkun hreyfanlegs snúningspalls til að taka vörumyndir frá mörgum hornum (venjulega 24–72 ramma). Þegar þeir eru sameinaðir skapa þessir rammar 360° gagnvirka sýn fyrir lista í rafrænum viðskiptum.

Solitaire

A jewelry design featuring a single centered stone, most commonly on a plain or minimally-decorated band. Classic solitaires use round-brilliant diamonds but any shape qualifies. The style is defined by the absence of side stones. Photographing solitaires well requires perfect on-axis alignment and a pure-white backdrop so the stone's geometry reads clearly — any background pattern competes with the focal stone.

Surface Reflection

Light that bounces off a jewelry surface at the same angle it arrived — the specular component of light. On polished metal, this produces mirror-like highlights; on matte surfaces, diffused glow. Controlling reflections means controlling the photographed environment — every object within the specular cone of the jewelry will show up in the metal. Skilled jewelry retouching preserves intentional reflections (showing polish) while removing unwanted ones (showing the photographer).

T

Tarnish

Surface discoloration on precious metals caused by oxidation and reaction with sulfur compounds in air. Silver tarnishes fastest (black or yellow tint), gold and platinum tarnish slowly or not at all. In product photography, tarnish reads as uneven brightness across metal surfaces. Modern AI retouching can remove tarnish without aggressive contrast adjustments that would destroy engraving detail.

U

Upplausn

Magn smáatriða sem mynd geymir, mælt í pixlum (t.d. 4000×3000 pixlar). Hærri upplausn gerir viðskiptavinum kleift að þysja inn og skoða fín skartgripasmáatriði. Flestar markaðsplássir krefjast að minnsta kosti 1000px á lengstu hlið.