+

+faststart

An ffmpeg flag (`-movflags +faststart`) that moves the MP4 metadata header to the front of the file so the video can start playing before it has fully downloaded. Critical for autoplay tiles on the web and for fast loading inside Instagram and TikTok ad managers. Every video Jewels Retouch produces is post-processed with +faststart so that hosted-page autoplay is instant.

9

9:16 Reels

A 9:16 vertical aspect ratio video — 1080×1920 pixels at HD or 720×1280 at 720p — sized for Instagram Reels, TikTok, and YouTube Shorts. 9:16 fills the entire phone screen edge-to-edge. For jewelry ad videos, 9:16 is the default because every short-form social platform uses it and ad units are fastest to set up at this ratio.

A

Aperture (f-stop)

The opening in a camera lens that controls how much light reaches the sensor and the depth of field. Written f/1.8, f/2.8, f/8, etc. — smaller number means wider opening and shallower focus. For jewelry, f/8–f/16 is the standard range: f/8 is enough depth to keep a ring front-to-back sharp; f/16 brings the deepest necklace into focus. Wider apertures (f/1.8–f/4) only work for single-point focus shots where creative blur is intentional.

Aspect Ratio

The ratio of image width to height. Standard jewelry product aspect ratios: 1:1 square (Amazon, Etsy primary, Instagram Shop), 4:5 portrait (Instagram feed-optimized), 16:9 landscape (TikTok Shop carousel), 3:4 portrait (Shopify and eBay mobile). Aspect ratio affects both platform acceptance and perceived product size — square ratios feel stable, portrait ratios feel more premium.

AI Prompt (Jewelry)

A natural-language instruction given to a generative AI model specifying what treatment to apply to a jewelry image. Effective jewelry prompts reference the piece type (ring/earring/necklace), the metal (gold/silver/platinum/rose-gold), the stone (diamond/sapphire/pearl), the treatment (background removal, color correction, dust removal, shadow creation), and the output constraint (aspect ratio, resolution). Over-specified prompts produce artifacts; under-specified prompts produce generic output.

Ad video

A short video — typically 5 to 15 seconds — designed to run as paid creative on Meta, TikTok, or Google. Ad videos open with a strong visual hook within the first second, hold one clear product focus, and end on a brand cue. AI-generated 5-second jewelry ad videos fit Meta's and TikTok's recommended hook length almost exactly and double as Reels covers.

AAC audio

Advanced Audio Coding — the audio codec used inside MP4 video containers, including the videos Produces. AAC is universally supported by Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and every major ad platform. AAC at 128 kbps is the standard for short-form ad video; lower bitrates noticeably degrade music tracks, while higher bitrates waste bandwidth without perceptual gain.

Aspect ratio (video)

The width-to-height ratio of a video frame. Standard jewelry video ratios: 9:16 vertical (Reels, TikTok, Stories — the dominant format), 16:9 landscape (YouTube, Meta in-stream), 1:1 square (Instagram feed), 3:4 portrait (legacy Instagram feed, eBay mobile). Choosing the wrong ratio at generation time means cropping or letterboxing later — Jewels Retouch lets you pick all four at the moment of render.

B

Bakgrundsborttagning

Processen att separera smycket från dess ursprungliga bakgrund och skapa en transparent eller enfärgad bakgrund. Avgörande för e-handelslistningar där en ren vit eller neutral bakgrund krävs.

Batchbearbetning

Att tillämpa samma retuscheringsoperationer på flera bilder samtidigt. Batchbearbetning minskar tiden dramatiskt vid förberedelse av stora kataloger med hundratals produktfoton.

Bezel Setting

A setting where a metal rim surrounds the entire perimeter of a stone, holding it in place with no prongs. Considered the most protective setting — common for active wearers and industrial use. Bezels reduce a stone's apparent sparkle by ~15-20% because the metal blocks side light entry. For product shots, use gradient top lighting to draw focus to the stone's face rather than the surrounding metal.

Bokeh

The aesthetic quality of out-of-focus areas in a photograph, particularly how blurred highlights render. Good bokeh is smooth and creamy; bad bokeh is jagged or doubled. Jewelry photography usually minimizes bokeh by stopping down to f/8+ for full-subject sharpness — intentional bokeh only belongs in lifestyle/editorial jewelry shoots, never catalog.

C

Clarity (Diamond)

The GIA grading scale rating how free a diamond is of internal inclusions and surface blemishes, from Flawless (FL) at the top to Included (I3) at the bottom. Categories in order: FL, IF, VVS1–2, VS1–2, SI1–2, I1–3. VS2 and higher appear flawless to the naked eye. In jewelry photography, clarity is assessed at 10x magnification and affects how much internal sparkle (scintillation) retouching can enhance.

Cut (Diamond)

The GIA grading scale rating how well a diamond's facets reflect light, independent of shape. Grades: Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, Poor. Cut affects brilliance (white-light return), fire (color dispersion), and scintillation (sparkle pattern). The most consequential of the 4Cs for photographed sparkle — a well-cut D-color diamond photographs with more fire than a poorly-cut D.

Color (Diamond)

The GIA color grading scale runs D (colorless) to Z (light yellow/brown). D–F are colorless, G–J near-colorless, K–M faint yellow, N–R very light, S–Z light. For white-metal settings, G–H is typically the sweet spot for apparent white without the D–F price premium. Color grading is assessed face-down against a white background under controlled 6500K lighting — the same conditions jewelry photography should replicate.

Catalog photo

A jewelry product photograph optimized for marketplace listings — typically pure white background (RGB 255), clean even lighting, the piece centered and filling 60–85% of the frame, no props or hands. Required by Amazon, preferred by Etsy and Shopify. Catalog photos prioritize clarity and consistency over mood; they are deliberately interchangeable across SKUs.

D

Diffust ljus

Mjukt, spritt ljus som minimerar hårda skuggor och ljusfläckar. Skapas med softboxar, ljustält eller genomskinliga paneler. Föredraget inom smyckesfotografering för att visa detaljer utan överväldigande reflektioner.

Depth of Field

The zone in front of and behind the focus plane that appears acceptably sharp. Controlled by aperture, focal length, and subject distance. Jewelry typically needs 2–4mm of depth of field to keep a ring band front-to-back sharp; this usually means f/11 or narrower with a macro lens. Focus stacking extends depth of field beyond what a single aperture can achieve.

Dust Spot

A small dark or light blemish on an image caused by dust particles on the camera sensor or lens. Most visible at narrow apertures (f/11+) against uniform backgrounds (white backdrops). Jewelry's glossy metal surfaces make dust spots read as extra reflections or pitted metal. AI dust removal uses a spatial frequency pass to detect these anomalies without damaging the surrounding intentional detail.

E

E-handelsfotografering

Produktfotografering specifikt optimerad för onlinehandel. Kräver vita eller neutrala bakgrunder, flera vinklar, konsekvent belysning och hög upplösning för zoomfunktionalitet.

EXIF

Exchangeable Image File Format — metadata embedded in a photo describing capture settings (camera, lens, aperture, shutter, ISO, focal length, GPS). Marketplaces like Amazon read EXIF to detect stock photos and duplicate listings. For privacy, strip GPS and serial number fields before publishing, but leave exposure metadata intact — it signals genuine photography.

F

Färgkorrigering

Justering av färgbalansen i en bild för att korrekt representera smyckenas verkliga färger. Säkerställer att guld ser ut som guld, silver ser ut som silver och att ädelstensfärger är livfulla utan att vara övermättade.

Fallskugga

En simulerad skugga placerad under smycket för att ge det en känsla av djup och förankring på sidan. Vanligt inom e-handelsfotografering för att förhindra att produkter ser ut som om de svävar.

Fokusstackning

En teknik där flera bilder av samma motiv tas vid olika fokuspunkter och kombineras till en bild med fullständig skärpa från fram till bak. Avgörande för närbilder av smycken där skärpedjupet är extremt grunt.

Focal Length

The distance in millimeters from the lens's optical center to the sensor when focused at infinity. Determines field of view and magnification. For jewelry: 90–105mm macro is the standard (tight perspective, minimal distortion); 50mm works for larger flat-lay compositions; wide-angle lenses under 35mm distort shape and are unsuitable for jewelry.

First-frame conditioning

The technique of using a fixed reference image as the literal first frame of a generated video so that downstream frames stay consistent with it. First-frame conditioning is what prevents AI video tools from morphing a ring's setting or stone shape mid-clip; the model is structurally biased to match the source pixels at frame 0 and degrade gracefully from there.

Free preview

A watermarked low-resolution version of an AI result shown before the user spends a credit. Lets sellers verify the result matches their jewelry before committing. Jewels Retouch shows free previews on every photo and video render; only the final approved download deducts credits.

G

Glansförstärkning

Digitala tekniker för att förstärka den naturliga glansen och briljansen hos ädelstenar och diamanter i fotografier. Innebär att noggrant öka intensiteten hos höjdpunkter vid facettkanter samtidigt som ett naturligt utseende bibehålls.

glossary.term61

glossary.def61

glossary.term62

glossary.def62

glossary.term63

glossary.def63

glossary.term64

glossary.def64

glossary.term65

glossary.def65

glossary.term66

glossary.def66

glossary.term67

glossary.def67

glossary.term68

glossary.def68

glossary.term69

glossary.def69

glossary.term70

glossary.def70

glossary.term71

glossary.def71

glossary.term72

glossary.def72

glossary.term73

glossary.def73

glossary.term74

glossary.def74

glossary.term75

glossary.def75

glossary.term76

glossary.def76

glossary.term77

glossary.def77

glossary.term78

glossary.def78

glossary.term79

glossary.def79

glossary.term80

glossary.def80

glossary.term81

glossary.def81

glossary.term82

glossary.def82

glossary.term83

glossary.def83

glossary.term84

glossary.def84

glossary.term85

glossary.def85

glossary.term86

glossary.def86

glossary.term87

glossary.def87

glossary.term88

glossary.def88

glossary.term89

glossary.def89

glossary.term90

glossary.def90

glossary.term91

glossary.def91

glossary.term92

glossary.def92

glossary.term93

glossary.def93

glossary.term94

glossary.def94

glossary.term95

glossary.def95

glossary.term96

glossary.def96

glossary.term97

glossary.def97

glossary.term98

glossary.def98

glossary.term99

glossary.def99

glossary.term100

glossary.def100

H

Huvudbild

Den primära produktbilden som visas framträdande på en produktsida. För smycken visar huvudbilden vanligtvis stycket från dess mest fördelaktiga vinkel med optimal belysning och styling.

Halo Setting

A center stone surrounded by a ring of smaller accent stones, typically melee diamonds or pavé. The halo effect visually enlarges the center stone and boosts total sparkle. Popular in modern engagement rings. Halo rings photograph best with slightly top-down angles (10–20° from horizontal) to show both the halo and the center stone's crown facets without hiding either.

I

ISO

The camera sensor's sensitivity to light. ISO 100 is the cleanest setting (base sensitivity); each doubling (200, 400, 800, …) halves the required light but adds digital noise. For jewelry photography, stay at ISO 100–200 whenever lighting permits — jewelry surfaces reveal sensor noise dramatically, and noise reduction blurs fine engraving. If you need ISO 800+, add more light instead.

Image-to-video

A class of AI video generation that takes a single still image as the first frame and produces a short clip from it, rather than generating from text alone. Image-to-video is the right approach for jewelry ad video because the input photo locks the design — the AI only adds motion, lighting, and effects. Jewels Retouch uses image-to-video on Pro; the source photo becomes the first visible frame.

Instagram scene

A jewelry photograph styled like editorial or lifestyle content — textured backgrounds (linen, marble, velvet), props (florals, hands, candles), warmer lighting, tighter or asymmetric crops. Instagram scenes prioritize emotion and aesthetic over marketplace clarity. Best for Reels covers, brand Instagram feeds, Pinterest pins, and ad creative — not for Amazon's primary listing image.

K

Karat (vikt)

En viktenhet för ädelstenar motsvarande 200 milligram. Ska inte förväxlas med karat (guldrenhet). Inom fotografering påverkar karatvikten hur en ädelstens storlek och proportioner framträder på bilder.

Katalogkonsekvens

Att säkerställa att alla produktbilder i en katalog har enhetliga bakgrunder, belysning, vinklar och färgbalans. Konsekvens skapar en professionell och trovärdig shoppingupplevelse och är avgörande för varumärkesidentiteten.

Klippväg

En vektorkontur som ritas runt ett objekt för att definiera dess kanter exakt. Används för att separera smycken från bakgrunder med pixelperfekt precision, särskilt för komplexa former som kedjor och filigran.

Karat (guld)

Ett mått på guldrenhet där 24 karat är rent guld. 18K är 75 % guld, 14K är 58,3 %. Vid retuschering har olika karater av guld olika färgtoner som måste representeras korrekt.

L

Ljuslåda

En sluten fotograferingsuppsättning med diffust ljus som används för att jämnt belysa små produkter som smycken. Minimerar hårda skuggor och reflektioner och skapar en ren utgångspunkt för retuschering.

M

Makrofotografering

Extrem närbildsfotografering som avslöjar fina detaljer som ädelstensfacetter, fattningständer och ytstrukturer. Kräver specialiserade makroobjektiv och är standardpraxis för exklusiv smyckesfotografering.

Metallreflektion

De spegelliknande reflektioner som syns på polerade metallytor i smycken. Att hantera reflektioner är en av de största utmaningarna inom smyckesfotografering — de kan avslöja studioutrustning eller ge oönskat bländsken.

Mask

A grayscale image that tells retouching software which pixels to affect and which to leave alone. Pure white = full effect, pure black = no effect, gray = proportional blending. Jewelry retouching relies heavily on masks: subject-from-background masks for background removal, luminosity masks for highlight recovery, and manual masks for cleaning up individual gemstones without affecting the setting.

P

Pavé Setting

A setting style where many small diamonds are set close together on the jewelry surface, held by tiny beads or prongs, so the metal nearly disappears under the stones. Produces a continuous shimmering field. Pavé requires sharp macro photography (f/8–f/11) to keep every stone in focus; shallow depth-of-field blurs stones at the edges and flattens the effect.

Product Fill

The percentage of the image frame occupied by the product. Amazon requires 85%+ for primary listing images; Etsy recommends 60–80%; Shopify accepts any fill but converts best at 70–85%. Product fill is measured by the smallest axis-aligned bounding box that contains the jewelry. Auto-croppers and the Jewels Retouch photo checker validate this against each platform's rules.

Pure White Background

A product photography background at RGB 255/255/255 (exact) with no gradient, no specular highlight, and no visible edge between product and backdrop. Required by Amazon (primary image), strongly preferred by Walmart and Shopify. Achieved by either overexposing a light-colored backdrop by +2 stops or via post-processing background replacement. The Jewels Retouch photo checker flags white backgrounds that fall below 250 RGB threshold.

R

Retuschering

Efterbearbetningsjusteringar för att förbättra ett fotografi efter att det tagits. Inom smyckesfotografering inkluderar retuschering dammborttagning, reparation av repor, glansförstärkning, bakgrundsbyte och färgkorrigering.

Rose Gold

Gold alloyed with copper (and a touch of silver) to produce a pink hue. Popular in engagement rings and minimalist jewelry. Copper content ranges from ~18% (14k) to ~25% (18k). Rose gold oxidizes slightly over time, developing a warmer patina. For product photography, rose gold reflects warm skin tones well and photographs best under neutral 5000-5500K lighting.

Rhodium Plating

A thin layer of rhodium (a white platinum-group metal) electroplated onto white gold jewelry to give it a bright, hard, mirror-like finish. Wears off over 1–2 years of daily wear and needs re-plating. Photographically, freshly-plated rhodium reflects nearly all visible light evenly — perfect for clean product shots but brutal on any dust or fingerprints, which retouching has to clone out carefully.

RAW File

The unprocessed sensor data from a digital camera, typically 14-bit per channel, containing 2–4 stops more dynamic range than JPEG. RAW formats include Canon CR3, Nikon NEF, Sony ARW, Adobe DNG. For jewelry photography, always shoot RAW — recovery of blown highlights on metal reflections and shadow detail in deep settings is impossible from JPEG.

Reference Image (AI Retouching)

A second image supplied alongside the target photo to tell the AI model what style, lighting, or composition to match. Used to enforce catalog consistency across hundreds of items. For a seller with 500 rings, uploading one reference image of their 'house style' causes every subsequent retouch to match that lighting direction, background tone, and shadow softness.

S

Skugggenerering

Att skapa realistiska skuggor digitalt efter bakgrundsborttagning. Skuggor förankrar produkten i rummet och ger djup. Vanliga typer inkluderar fallskugga, reflektionsskugga och naturlig skugga.

SKU-fotografering

Systematisk produktfotografering där varje lagerhållningsenhet (SKU) får standardiserade bilder. Smyckesvarumärken kan fotografera tusentals SKU:er som kräver identisk presentation för katalogsamstämmighet.

Stilreferens

En exempelbild som definierar det önskade visuella utseendet för ett parti retuscherade foton. Anger bakgrundsfärg, belysningsvinkel, skuggtyp och övergripande estetik. Används av Jewels Retouch för att säkerställa att varje bild i en katalog matchar.

Stiftfattning

En ädelstensinfattningsstil som använder metallklor (stift) för att hålla stenen på plats. Inom fotografering måste stiften vara skarpa och tydligt definierade — retuschering innebär ofta att rensa upp utseendet på stiftspetsarna.

Solitaire

A jewelry design featuring a single centered stone, most commonly on a plain or minimally-decorated band. Classic solitaires use round-brilliant diamonds but any shape qualifies. The style is defined by the absence of side stones. Photographing solitaires well requires perfect on-axis alignment and a pure-white backdrop so the stone's geometry reads clearly — any background pattern competes with the focal stone.

Surface Reflection

Light that bounces off a jewelry surface at the same angle it arrived — the specular component of light. On polished metal, this produces mirror-like highlights; on matte surfaces, diffused glow. Controlling reflections means controlling the photographed environment — every object within the specular cone of the jewelry will show up in the metal. Skilled jewelry retouching preserves intentional reflections (showing polish) while removing unwanted ones (showing the photographer).

T

Tarnish

Surface discoloration on precious metals caused by oxidation and reaction with sulfur compounds in air. Silver tarnishes fastest (black or yellow tint), gold and platinum tarnish slowly or not at all. In product photography, tarnish reads as uneven brightness across metal surfaces. Modern AI retouching can remove tarnish without aggressive contrast adjustments that would destroy engraving detail.

U

Upplösning

Mängden detaljer en bild innehåller, mätt i pixlar (t.ex. 4000×3000 pixlar). Högre upplösning gör det möjligt för kunder att zooma in och inspektera fina smyckesdetaljer. De flesta marknadsplatser kräver minst 1000 px på den längsta sidan.

V

Vridplattformsfotografering

Användning av en motoriserad roterande plattform för att fånga produktbilder från flera vinklar (vanligtvis 24–72 bilder). Sammansatta skapar dessa bilder en interaktiv 360°-vy för e-handelslistningar.

Vitbalans

Kamera- eller efterbearbetningsjustering som säkerställer att neutrala färger ser neutrala ut — vitt ser vitt ut, inte blått eller gult. Avgörande inom smyckesfotografering där även små färgavvikelser ger felaktig representation av metall- och ädelstensfärger.

Ä

Ädelstenförstärkning

Digitala justeringar för att förbättra den visuella representationen av ädelstenar i foton — ökad klarhet, förstärkt färgmättnad och förbättrad eld och briljans hos slipade stenar.