+

+faststart

An ffmpeg flag (`-movflags +faststart`) that moves the MP4 metadata header to the front of the file so the video can start playing before it has fully downloaded. Critical for autoplay tiles on the web and for fast loading inside Instagram and TikTok ad managers. Every video Jewels Retouch produces is post-processed with +faststart so that hosted-page autoplay is instant.

9

9:16 Reels

A 9:16 vertical aspect ratio video — 1080×1920 pixels at HD or 720×1280 at 720p — sized for Instagram Reels, TikTok, and YouTube Shorts. 9:16 fills the entire phone screen edge-to-edge. For jewelry ad videos, 9:16 is the default because every short-form social platform uses it and ad units are fastest to set up at this ratio.

A

Aperture (f-stop)

The opening in a camera lens that controls how much light reaches the sensor and the depth of field. Written f/1.8, f/2.8, f/8, etc. — smaller number means wider opening and shallower focus. For jewelry, f/8–f/16 is the standard range: f/8 is enough depth to keep a ring front-to-back sharp; f/16 brings the deepest necklace into focus. Wider apertures (f/1.8–f/4) only work for single-point focus shots where creative blur is intentional.

Aspect Ratio

The ratio of image width to height. Standard jewelry product aspect ratios: 1:1 square (Amazon, Etsy primary, Instagram Shop), 4:5 portrait (Instagram feed-optimized), 16:9 landscape (TikTok Shop carousel), 3:4 portrait (Shopify and eBay mobile). Aspect ratio affects both platform acceptance and perceived product size — square ratios feel stable, portrait ratios feel more premium.

AI Prompt (Jewelry)

A natural-language instruction given to a generative AI model specifying what treatment to apply to a jewelry image. Effective jewelry prompts reference the piece type (ring/earring/necklace), the metal (gold/silver/platinum/rose-gold), the stone (diamond/sapphire/pearl), the treatment (background removal, color correction, dust removal, shadow creation), and the output constraint (aspect ratio, resolution). Over-specified prompts produce artifacts; under-specified prompts produce generic output.

Ad video

A short video — typically 5 to 15 seconds — designed to run as paid creative on Meta, TikTok, or Google. Ad videos open with a strong visual hook within the first second, hold one clear product focus, and end on a brand cue. AI-generated 5-second jewelry ad videos fit Meta's and TikTok's recommended hook length almost exactly and double as Reels covers.

AAC audio

Advanced Audio Coding — the audio codec used inside MP4 video containers, including the videos Jewels Retouch produces. AAC is universally supported by Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and every major ad platform. AAC at 128 kbps is the standard for short-form ad video; lower bitrates noticeably degrade music tracks, while higher bitrates waste bandwidth without perceptual gain.

Aspect ratio (video)

The width-to-height ratio of a video frame. Standard jewelry video ratios: 9:16 vertical (Reels, TikTok, Stories — the dominant format), 16:9 landscape (YouTube, Meta in-stream), 1:1 square (Instagram feed), 3:4 portrait (legacy Instagram feed, eBay mobile). Choosing the wrong ratio at generation time means cropping or letterboxing later — Jewels Retouch lets you pick all four at the moment of render.

B

Bezel Setting

A setting where a metal rim surrounds the entire perimeter of a stone, holding it in place with no prongs. Considered the most protective setting — common for active wearers and industrial use. Bezels reduce a stone's apparent sparkle by ~15-20% because the metal blocks side light entry. For product shots, use gradient top lighting to draw focus to the stone's face rather than the surrounding metal.

Bokeh

The aesthetic quality of out-of-focus areas in a photograph, particularly how blurred highlights render. Good bokeh is smooth and creamy; bad bokeh is jagged or doubled. Jewelry photography usually minimizes bokeh by stopping down to f/8+ for full-subject sharpness — intentional bokeh only belongs in lifestyle/editorial jewelry shoots, never catalog.

C

Clarity (Diamond)

The GIA grading scale rating how free a diamond is of internal inclusions and surface blemishes, from Flawless (FL) at the top to Included (I3) at the bottom. Categories in order: FL, IF, VVS1–2, VS1–2, SI1–2, I1–3. VS2 and higher appear flawless to the naked eye. In jewelry photography, clarity is assessed at 10x magnification and affects how much internal sparkle (scintillation) retouching can enhance.

Cut (Diamond)

The GIA grading scale rating how well a diamond's facets reflect light, independent of shape. Grades: Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, Poor. Cut affects brilliance (white-light return), fire (color dispersion), and scintillation (sparkle pattern). The most consequential of the 4Cs for photographed sparkle — a well-cut D-color diamond photographs with more fire than a poorly-cut D.

Color (Diamond)

The GIA color grading scale runs D (colorless) to Z (light yellow/brown). D–F are colorless, G–J near-colorless, K–M faint yellow, N–R very light, S–Z light. For white-metal settings, G–H is typically the sweet spot for apparent white without the D–F price premium. Color grading is assessed face-down against a white background under controlled 6500K lighting — the same conditions jewelry photography should replicate.

Catalog photo

A jewelry product photograph optimized for marketplace listings — typically pure white background (RGB 255), clean even lighting, the piece centered and filling 60–85% of the frame, no props or hands. Required by Amazon, preferred by Etsy and Shopify. Catalog photos prioritize clarity and consistency over mood; they are deliberately interchangeable across SKUs.

D

Depth of Field

The zone in front of and behind the focus plane that appears acceptably sharp. Controlled by aperture, focal length, and subject distance. Jewelry typically needs 2–4mm of depth of field to keep a ring band front-to-back sharp; this usually means f/11 or narrower with a macro lens. Focus stacking extends depth of field beyond what a single aperture can achieve.

Dust Spot

A small dark or light blemish on an image caused by dust particles on the camera sensor or lens. Most visible at narrow apertures (f/11+) against uniform backgrounds (white backdrops). Jewelry's glossy metal surfaces make dust spots read as extra reflections or pitted metal. AI dust removal uses a spatial frequency pass to detect these anomalies without damaging the surrounding intentional detail.

E

EXIF

Exchangeable Image File Format — metadata embedded in a photo describing capture settings (camera, lens, aperture, shutter, ISO, focal length, GPS). Marketplaces like Amazon read EXIF to detect stock photos and duplicate listings. For privacy, strip GPS and serial number fields before publishing, but leave exposure metadata intact — it signals genuine photography.

F

Focal Length

The distance in millimeters from the lens's optical center to the sensor when focused at infinity. Determines field of view and magnification. For jewelry: 90–105mm macro is the standard (tight perspective, minimal distortion); 50mm works for larger flat-lay compositions; wide-angle lenses under 35mm distort shape and are unsuitable for jewelry.

First-frame conditioning

The technique of using a fixed reference image as the literal first frame of a generated video so that downstream frames stay consistent with it. First-frame conditioning is what prevents AI video tools from morphing a ring's setting or stone shape mid-clip; the model is structurally biased to match the source pixels at frame 0 and degrade gracefully from there.

Free preview

A watermarked low-resolution version of an AI result shown before the user spends a credit. Lets sellers verify the result matches their jewelry before committing. Jewels Retouch shows free previews on every photo and video render; only the final approved download deducts credits.

G

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H

Halo Setting

A center stone surrounded by a ring of smaller accent stones, typically melee diamonds or pavé. The halo effect visually enlarges the center stone and boosts total sparkle. Popular in modern engagement rings. Halo rings photograph best with slightly top-down angles (10–20° from horizontal) to show both the halo and the center stone's crown facets without hiding either.

I

ISO

The camera sensor's sensitivity to light. ISO 100 is the cleanest setting (base sensitivity); each doubling (200, 400, 800, …) halves the required light but adds digital noise. For jewelry photography, stay at ISO 100–200 whenever lighting permits — jewelry surfaces reveal sensor noise dramatically, and noise reduction blurs fine engraving. If you need ISO 800+, add more light instead.

Image-to-video

A class of AI video generation that takes a single still image as the first frame and produces a short clip from it, rather than generating from text alone. Image-to-video is the right approach for jewelry ad video because the input photo locks the design — the AI only adds motion, lighting, and effects. Jewels Retouch uses image-to-video as the default video pipeline; the source photo becomes the first visible frame.

Instagram scene

A jewelry photograph styled like editorial or lifestyle content — textured backgrounds (linen, marble, velvet), props (florals, hands, candles), warmer lighting, tighter or asymmetric crops. Instagram scenes prioritize emotion and aesthetic over marketplace clarity. Best for Reels covers, brand Instagram feeds, Pinterest pins, and ad creative — not for Amazon's primary listing image.

M

Mask

A grayscale image that tells retouching software which pixels to affect and which to leave alone. Pure white = full effect, pure black = no effect, gray = proportional blending. Jewelry retouching relies heavily on masks: subject-from-background masks for background removal, luminosity masks for highlight recovery, and manual masks for cleaning up individual gemstones without affecting the setting.

P

Pavé Setting

A setting style where many small diamonds are set close together on the jewelry surface, held by tiny beads or prongs, so the metal nearly disappears under the stones. Produces a continuous shimmering field. Pavé requires sharp macro photography (f/8–f/11) to keep every stone in focus; shallow depth-of-field blurs stones at the edges and flattens the effect.

Product Fill

The percentage of the image frame occupied by the product. Amazon requires 85%+ for primary listing images; Etsy recommends 60–80%; Shopify accepts any fill but converts best at 70–85%. Product fill is measured by the smallest axis-aligned bounding box that contains the jewelry. Auto-croppers and the Jewels Retouch photo checker validate this against each platform's rules.

Pure White Background

A product photography background at RGB 255/255/255 (exact) with no gradient, no specular highlight, and no visible edge between product and backdrop. Required by Amazon (primary image), strongly preferred by Walmart and Shopify. Achieved by either overexposing a light-colored backdrop by +2 stops or via post-processing background replacement. The Jewels Retouch photo checker flags white backgrounds that fall below 250 RGB threshold.

R

Rose Gold

Gold alloyed with copper (and a touch of silver) to produce a pink hue. Popular in engagement rings and minimalist jewelry. Copper content ranges from ~18% (14k) to ~25% (18k). Rose gold oxidizes slightly over time, developing a warmer patina. For product photography, rose gold reflects warm skin tones well and photographs best under neutral 5000-5500K lighting.

Rhodium Plating

A thin layer of rhodium (a white platinum-group metal) electroplated onto white gold jewelry to give it a bright, hard, mirror-like finish. Wears off over 1–2 years of daily wear and needs re-plating. Photographically, freshly-plated rhodium reflects nearly all visible light evenly — perfect for clean product shots but brutal on any dust or fingerprints, which retouching has to clone out carefully.

RAW File

The unprocessed sensor data from a digital camera, typically 14-bit per channel, containing 2–4 stops more dynamic range than JPEG. RAW formats include Canon CR3, Nikon NEF, Sony ARW, Adobe DNG. For jewelry photography, always shoot RAW — recovery of blown highlights on metal reflections and shadow detail in deep settings is impossible from JPEG.

Reference Image (AI Retouching)

A second image supplied alongside the target photo to tell the AI model what style, lighting, or composition to match. Used to enforce catalog consistency across hundreds of items. For a seller with 500 rings, uploading one reference image of their 'house style' causes every subsequent retouch to match that lighting direction, background tone, and shadow softness.

S

SKU 사진촬영

각 재고 관리 단위(SKU)가 표준화된 이미지를 받는 체계적인 상품 사진촬영. 주얼리 브랜드는 카탈로그 일관성을 위해 동일한 프레젠테이션이 필요한 수천 개의 SKU를 촬영할 수 있습니다.

Solitaire

A jewelry design featuring a single centered stone, most commonly on a plain or minimally-decorated band. Classic solitaires use round-brilliant diamonds but any shape qualifies. The style is defined by the absence of side stones. Photographing solitaires well requires perfect on-axis alignment and a pure-white backdrop so the stone's geometry reads clearly — any background pattern competes with the focal stone.

Surface Reflection

Light that bounces off a jewelry surface at the same angle it arrived — the specular component of light. On polished metal, this produces mirror-like highlights; on matte surfaces, diffused glow. Controlling reflections means controlling the photographed environment — every object within the specular cone of the jewelry will show up in the metal. Skilled jewelry retouching preserves intentional reflections (showing polish) while removing unwanted ones (showing the photographer).

T

Tarnish

Surface discoloration on precious metals caused by oxidation and reaction with sulfur compounds in air. Silver tarnishes fastest (black or yellow tint), gold and platinum tarnish slowly or not at all. In product photography, tarnish reads as uneven brightness across metal surfaces. Modern AI retouching can remove tarnish without aggressive contrast adjustments that would destroy engraving detail.

그

그림자 생성

배경 제거 후 디지털로 사실적인 그림자를 만드는 것. 그림자는 상품을 공간에 안착시키고 깊이를 더합니다. 일반적인 유형으로 드롭 섀도, 반사 그림자, 자연 그림자가 있습니다.

금

금속 반사

주얼리의 광택 금속 표면에 보이는 거울 같은 반사. 반사 관리는 주얼리 사진촬영의 가장 큰 과제 중 하나입니다 — 스튜디오 장비를 노출시키거나 원치 않는 글레어를 생성할 수 있습니다.

드

드롭 섀도

주얼리 아래에 배치되어 깊이감과 안정감을 주는 시뮬레이션된 그림자. 상품이 떠있는 것처럼 보이는 것을 방지하기 위해 이커머스 사진촬영에서 일반적입니다.

라

라이트박스

주얼리와 같은 작은 제품을 균일하게 조명하기 위한 밀폐형 확산광 사진촬영 설비. 거친 그림자와 반사를 최소화하여 리터칭을 위한 깨끗한 출발점을 만듭니다.

리

리터칭

촬영 후 사진을 개선하기 위한 후처리 조정. 주얼리 사진촬영에서 리터칭은 먼지 제거, 스크래치 보정, 반짝임 강화, 배경 교체, 색상 보정을 포함합니다.

매

매크로 사진촬영

보석 패싯, 프롱 세팅, 표면 텍스처 같은 미세한 디테일을 드러내는 극도의 근접 사진촬영. 전문 매크로 렌즈가 필요하며 하이엔드 주얼리 사진촬영의 표준 관행입니다.

반

반짝임 강화

사진에서 보석과 다이아몬드의 자연스러운 반짝임과 브릴리언스를 증폭하기 위한 디지털 기술. 자연스러운 외관을 유지하면서 패싯 가장자리의 하이라이트 강도를 신중하게 높이는 것을 포함합니다.

배

배경 제거

주얼리 아이템을 원래 배경에서 분리하여 투명하거나 단색 배경을 만드는 과정. 깨끗한 흰색 또는 중성 배경이 필요한 이커머스 리스팅에 필수적입니다.

보

보석 강화

사진에서 보석의 시각적 표현을 개선하기 위한 디지털 조정 — 선명도 향상, 색상 채도 강화, 컷 스톤의 파이어와 브릴리언스 증강.

색

색상 보정

주얼리의 실제 색상을 정확하게 표현하기 위해 이미지의 색상 균형을 조정하는 것. 골드는 골드로, 실버는 실버로, 보석 색상은 과포화 없이 생생하게 보이도록 합니다.

스

스타일 레퍼런스

리터칭된 사진 배치의 원하는 시각적 룩을 정의하는 샘플 이미지. 배경색, 조명 각도, 그림자 유형, 전체적 미학을 지정합니다. Jewels Retouch가 카탈로그의 모든 이미지를 일치시키기 위해 사용합니다.

이

이커머스 사진촬영

온라인 소매를 위해 특별히 최적화된 상품 사진촬영. 흰색 또는 중성 배경, 다양한 각도, 일관된 조명, 줌 기능을 위한 고해상도가 필요합니다.

일

일괄 처리

동일한 리터칭 작업을 여러 이미지에 동시에 적용하는 것. 일괄 처리는 수백 장의 상품 사진이 포함된 대형 카탈로그 준비 시간을 크게 단축합니다.

카

카탈로그 일관성

카탈로그의 모든 상품 이미지가 균일한 배경, 조명, 각도, 색상 균형을 공유하도록 보장하는 것. 일관성은 전문적이고 신뢰할 수 있는 쇼핑 경험을 만들며 브랜드 아이덴티티에 핵심적입니다.

카라트

24카라트가 순금인 금 순도 측정 단위. 18K는 75% 금, 14K는 58.3% 금입니다. 리터칭에서 다른 카라트의 금은 정확하게 표현해야 하는 다른 색조를 가집니다.

캐

캐럿

200밀리그램에 해당하는 보석의 무게 단위. 카라트(금 순도)와 혼동하지 마세요. 사진촬영에서 캐럿 무게는 이미지에서 보석의 크기와 비율에 영향을 미칩니다.

클

클리핑 패스

물체의 가장자리를 정밀하게 정의하기 위해 그려진 벡터 윤곽선. 특히 체인과 필리그리 같은 복잡한 형태에서 주얼리를 배경에서 픽셀 단위로 정확하게 분리하는 데 사용됩니다.

턴

턴테이블 사진촬영

모터 구동 회전 플랫폼을 사용하여 여러 각도(일반적으로 24-72프레임)에서 상품 이미지를 촬영. 결합하면 이커머스 리스팅을 위한 360° 인터랙티브 뷰를 생성합니다.

포

포커스 스태킹

동일 피사체를 다른 초점에서 촬영한 여러 이미지를 합성하여 전면에서 후면까지 완전히 선명한 하나의 이미지를 만드는 기술. 피사계 심도가 매우 얕은 근접 주얼리 촬영에 필수적입니다.

프

프롱 세팅

금속 발톱(프롱)을 사용하여 돌을 고정하는 보석 장착 스타일. 사진촬영에서 프롱은 선명하고 명확하게 정의되어야 합니다 — 리터칭은 종종 프롱 끝의 외관을 정리하는 것을 포함합니다.

해

해상도

이미지가 보유한 디테일의 양으로 픽셀로 측정됩니다(예: 4000×3000 픽셀). 높은 해상도는 고객이 확대하여 미세한 주얼리 디테일을 검사할 수 있게 합니다. 대부분의 마켓플레이스는 최장변에서 최소 1000px을 요구합니다.

화

화이트 밸런스

중성 색상이 중성으로 보이도록 하는 카메라 또는 후처리 조정 — 흰색이 파란색이나 노란색이 아닌 흰색으로 보이도록. 미세한 색상 왜곡도 금속과 보석 색상을 잘못 표현하는 주얼리 사진촬영에서 중요합니다.

확

확산 조명

거친 그림자와 핫스팟을 최소화하는 부드럽고 분산된 빛. 소프트박스, 라이트 텐트 또는 반투명 패널로 생성됩니다. 압도적인 반사 없이 디테일을 드러내기 위해 주얼리 사진촬영에서 선호됩니다.

히

히어로 이미지

상품 리스팅 페이지에서 눈에 띄게 표시되는 주요 상품 이미지. 주얼리의 경우 히어로 이미지는 일반적으로 최적의 조명과 스타일링으로 가장 매력적인 각도에서 작품을 보여줍니다.