+

+faststart

An ffmpeg flag (`-movflags +faststart`) that moves the MP4 metadata header to the front of the file so the video can start playing before it has fully downloaded. Critical for autoplay tiles on the web and for fast loading inside Instagram and TikTok ad managers. Every video Jewels Retouch produces is post-processed with +faststart so that hosted-page autoplay is instant.

9

9:16 Reels

A 9:16 vertical aspect ratio video — 1080×1920 pixels at HD or 720×1280 at 720p — sized for Instagram Reels, TikTok, and YouTube Shorts. 9:16 fills the entire phone screen edge-to-edge. For jewelry ad videos, 9:16 is the default because every short-form social platform uses it and ad units are fastest to set up at this ratio.

A

Aperture (f-stop)

The opening in a camera lens that controls how much light reaches the sensor and the depth of field. Written f/1.8, f/2.8, f/8, etc. — smaller number means wider opening and shallower focus. For jewelry, f/8–f/16 is the standard range: f/8 is enough depth to keep a ring front-to-back sharp; f/16 brings the deepest necklace into focus. Wider apertures (f/1.8–f/4) only work for single-point focus shots where creative blur is intentional.

Aspect Ratio

The ratio of image width to height. Standard jewelry product aspect ratios: 1:1 square (Amazon, Etsy primary, Instagram Shop), 4:5 portrait (Instagram feed-optimized), 16:9 landscape (TikTok Shop carousel), 3:4 portrait (Shopify and eBay mobile). Aspect ratio affects both platform acceptance and perceived product size — square ratios feel stable, portrait ratios feel more premium.

AI Prompt (Jewelry)

A natural-language instruction given to a generative AI model specifying what treatment to apply to a jewelry image. Effective jewelry prompts reference the piece type (ring/earring/necklace), the metal (gold/silver/platinum/rose-gold), the stone (diamond/sapphire/pearl), the treatment (background removal, color correction, dust removal, shadow creation), and the output constraint (aspect ratio, resolution). Over-specified prompts produce artifacts; under-specified prompts produce generic output.

Ad video

A short video — typically 5 to 15 seconds — designed to run as paid creative on Meta, TikTok, or Google. Ad videos open with a strong visual hook within the first second, hold one clear product focus, and end on a brand cue. AI-generated 5-second jewelry ad videos fit Meta's and TikTok's recommended hook length almost exactly and double as Reels covers.

AAC audio

Advanced Audio Coding — the audio codec used inside MP4 video containers, including the videos Jewels Retouch produces. AAC is universally supported by Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and every major ad platform. AAC at 128 kbps is the standard for short-form ad video; lower bitrates noticeably degrade music tracks, while higher bitrates waste bandwidth without perceptual gain.

Aspect ratio (video)

The width-to-height ratio of a video frame. Standard jewelry video ratios: 9:16 vertical (Reels, TikTok, Stories — the dominant format), 16:9 landscape (YouTube, Meta in-stream), 1:1 square (Instagram feed), 3:4 portrait (legacy Instagram feed, eBay mobile). Choosing the wrong ratio at generation time means cropping or letterboxing later — Jewels Retouch lets you pick all four at the moment of render.

B

Bezel Setting

A setting where a metal rim surrounds the entire perimeter of a stone, holding it in place with no prongs. Considered the most protective setting — common for active wearers and industrial use. Bezels reduce a stone's apparent sparkle by ~15-20% because the metal blocks side light entry. For product shots, use gradient top lighting to draw focus to the stone's face rather than the surrounding metal.

Bokeh

The aesthetic quality of out-of-focus areas in a photograph, particularly how blurred highlights render. Good bokeh is smooth and creamy; bad bokeh is jagged or doubled. Jewelry photography usually minimizes bokeh by stopping down to f/8+ for full-subject sharpness — intentional bokeh only belongs in lifestyle/editorial jewelry shoots, never catalog.

C

Clarity (Diamond)

The GIA grading scale rating how free a diamond is of internal inclusions and surface blemishes, from Flawless (FL) at the top to Included (I3) at the bottom. Categories in order: FL, IF, VVS1–2, VS1–2, SI1–2, I1–3. VS2 and higher appear flawless to the naked eye. In jewelry photography, clarity is assessed at 10x magnification and affects how much internal sparkle (scintillation) retouching can enhance.

Cut (Diamond)

The GIA grading scale rating how well a diamond's facets reflect light, independent of shape. Grades: Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, Poor. Cut affects brilliance (white-light return), fire (color dispersion), and scintillation (sparkle pattern). The most consequential of the 4Cs for photographed sparkle — a well-cut D-color diamond photographs with more fire than a poorly-cut D.

Color (Diamond)

The GIA color grading scale runs D (colorless) to Z (light yellow/brown). D–F are colorless, G–J near-colorless, K–M faint yellow, N–R very light, S–Z light. For white-metal settings, G–H is typically the sweet spot for apparent white without the D–F price premium. Color grading is assessed face-down against a white background under controlled 6500K lighting — the same conditions jewelry photography should replicate.

Catalog photo

A jewelry product photograph optimized for marketplace listings — typically pure white background (RGB 255), clean even lighting, the piece centered and filling 60–85% of the frame, no props or hands. Required by Amazon, preferred by Etsy and Shopify. Catalog photos prioritize clarity and consistency over mood; they are deliberately interchangeable across SKUs.

D

Depth of Field

The zone in front of and behind the focus plane that appears acceptably sharp. Controlled by aperture, focal length, and subject distance. Jewelry typically needs 2–4mm of depth of field to keep a ring band front-to-back sharp; this usually means f/11 or narrower with a macro lens. Focus stacking extends depth of field beyond what a single aperture can achieve.

Dust Spot

A small dark or light blemish on an image caused by dust particles on the camera sensor or lens. Most visible at narrow apertures (f/11+) against uniform backgrounds (white backdrops). Jewelry's glossy metal surfaces make dust spots read as extra reflections or pitted metal. AI dust removal uses a spatial frequency pass to detect these anomalies without damaging the surrounding intentional detail.

E

EXIF

Exchangeable Image File Format — metadata embedded in a photo describing capture settings (camera, lens, aperture, shutter, ISO, focal length, GPS). Marketplaces like Amazon read EXIF to detect stock photos and duplicate listings. For privacy, strip GPS and serial number fields before publishing, but leave exposure metadata intact — it signals genuine photography.

F

Focal Length

The distance in millimeters from the lens's optical center to the sensor when focused at infinity. Determines field of view and magnification. For jewelry: 90–105mm macro is the standard (tight perspective, minimal distortion); 50mm works for larger flat-lay compositions; wide-angle lenses under 35mm distort shape and are unsuitable for jewelry.

First-frame conditioning

The technique of using a fixed reference image as the literal first frame of a generated video so that downstream frames stay consistent with it. First-frame conditioning is what prevents AI video tools from morphing a ring's setting or stone shape mid-clip; the model is structurally biased to match the source pixels at frame 0 and degrade gracefully from there.

Free preview

A watermarked low-resolution version of an AI result shown before the user spends a credit. Lets sellers verify the result matches their jewelry before committing. Jewels Retouch shows free previews on every photo and video render; only the final approved download deducts credits.

G

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H

Halo Setting

A center stone surrounded by a ring of smaller accent stones, typically melee diamonds or pavé. The halo effect visually enlarges the center stone and boosts total sparkle. Popular in modern engagement rings. Halo rings photograph best with slightly top-down angles (10–20° from horizontal) to show both the halo and the center stone's crown facets without hiding either.

I

ISO

The camera sensor's sensitivity to light. ISO 100 is the cleanest setting (base sensitivity); each doubling (200, 400, 800, …) halves the required light but adds digital noise. For jewelry photography, stay at ISO 100–200 whenever lighting permits — jewelry surfaces reveal sensor noise dramatically, and noise reduction blurs fine engraving. If you need ISO 800+, add more light instead.

Image-to-video

A class of AI video generation that takes a single still image as the first frame and produces a short clip from it, rather than generating from text alone. Image-to-video is the right approach for jewelry ad video because the input photo locks the design — the AI only adds motion, lighting, and effects. Jewels Retouch uses image-to-video as the default video pipeline; the source photo becomes the first visible frame.

Instagram scene

A jewelry photograph styled like editorial or lifestyle content — textured backgrounds (linen, marble, velvet), props (florals, hands, candles), warmer lighting, tighter or asymmetric crops. Instagram scenes prioritize emotion and aesthetic over marketplace clarity. Best for Reels covers, brand Instagram feeds, Pinterest pins, and ad creative — not for Amazon's primary listing image.

K

K金純度

黃金純度的度量單位，24K 為純金。18K 含金量為 75%，14K 為 58.3%。在修圖中，不同K數的黃金具有不同的色調，必須準確呈現。

M

Mask

A grayscale image that tells retouching software which pixels to affect and which to leave alone. Pure white = full effect, pure black = no effect, gray = proportional blending. Jewelry retouching relies heavily on masks: subject-from-background masks for background removal, luminosity masks for highlight recovery, and manual masks for cleaning up individual gemstones without affecting the setting.

P

Pavé Setting

A setting style where many small diamonds are set close together on the jewelry surface, held by tiny beads or prongs, so the metal nearly disappears under the stones. Produces a continuous shimmering field. Pavé requires sharp macro photography (f/8–f/11) to keep every stone in focus; shallow depth-of-field blurs stones at the edges and flattens the effect.

Product Fill

The percentage of the image frame occupied by the product. Amazon requires 85%+ for primary listing images; Etsy recommends 60–80%; Shopify accepts any fill but converts best at 70–85%. Product fill is measured by the smallest axis-aligned bounding box that contains the jewelry. Auto-croppers and the Jewels Retouch photo checker validate this against each platform's rules.

Pure White Background

A product photography background at RGB 255/255/255 (exact) with no gradient, no specular highlight, and no visible edge between product and backdrop. Required by Amazon (primary image), strongly preferred by Walmart and Shopify. Achieved by either overexposing a light-colored backdrop by +2 stops or via post-processing background replacement. The Jewels Retouch photo checker flags white backgrounds that fall below 250 RGB threshold.

R

Rose Gold

Gold alloyed with copper (and a touch of silver) to produce a pink hue. Popular in engagement rings and minimalist jewelry. Copper content ranges from ~18% (14k) to ~25% (18k). Rose gold oxidizes slightly over time, developing a warmer patina. For product photography, rose gold reflects warm skin tones well and photographs best under neutral 5000-5500K lighting.

Rhodium Plating

A thin layer of rhodium (a white platinum-group metal) electroplated onto white gold jewelry to give it a bright, hard, mirror-like finish. Wears off over 1–2 years of daily wear and needs re-plating. Photographically, freshly-plated rhodium reflects nearly all visible light evenly — perfect for clean product shots but brutal on any dust or fingerprints, which retouching has to clone out carefully.

RAW File

The unprocessed sensor data from a digital camera, typically 14-bit per channel, containing 2–4 stops more dynamic range than JPEG. RAW formats include Canon CR3, Nikon NEF, Sony ARW, Adobe DNG. For jewelry photography, always shoot RAW — recovery of blown highlights on metal reflections and shadow detail in deep settings is impossible from JPEG.

Reference Image (AI Retouching)

A second image supplied alongside the target photo to tell the AI model what style, lighting, or composition to match. Used to enforce catalog consistency across hundreds of items. For a seller with 500 rings, uploading one reference image of their 'house style' causes every subsequent retouch to match that lighting direction, background tone, and shadow softness.

S

SKU 攝影

系統化的產品攝影，每個庫存單位（SKU）都接受標準化的圖片處理。珠寶品牌可能需要對數千個 SKU 進行拍攝，要求呈現一致的目錄效果。

Solitaire

A jewelry design featuring a single centered stone, most commonly on a plain or minimally-decorated band. Classic solitaires use round-brilliant diamonds but any shape qualifies. The style is defined by the absence of side stones. Photographing solitaires well requires perfect on-axis alignment and a pure-white backdrop so the stone's geometry reads clearly — any background pattern competes with the focal stone.

Surface Reflection

Light that bounces off a jewelry surface at the same angle it arrived — the specular component of light. On polished metal, this produces mirror-like highlights; on matte surfaces, diffused glow. Controlling reflections means controlling the photographed environment — every object within the specular cone of the jewelry will show up in the metal. Skilled jewelry retouching preserves intentional reflections (showing polish) while removing unwanted ones (showing the photographer).

T

Tarnish

Surface discoloration on precious metals caused by oxidation and reaction with sulfur compounds in air. Silver tarnishes fastest (black or yellow tint), gold and platinum tarnish slowly or not at all. In product photography, tarnish reads as uneven brightness across metal surfaces. Modern AI retouching can remove tarnish without aggressive contrast adjustments that would destroy engraving detail.

主

主圖

在產品列表頁面上醒目展示的主要產品圖片。對於珠寶而言，主圖通常展示最佳角度下的產品，配以最優光線和造型。

修

修圖

拍攝後對照片進行的後期處理調整。在珠寶攝影中，修圖包括除塵、修復刮痕、增強閃光、背景替換和色彩校正。

克

克拉

寶石的重量單位，等於 200 毫克。不要與K金純度（Karat）混淆。在攝影中，克拉重量會影響寶石在圖像中的大小和比例呈現。

剪

剪裁路徑

沿物體周圍繪製的向量輪廓，用於精確定義其邊緣。用於以像素級精度將珠寶從背景中分離，特別適用於鏈條和鏤空等複雜形狀。

寶

寶石增強

用於改善照片中寶石視覺表現的數位調整——提高清晰度、增強色彩飽和度以及增強切割寶石的火彩和光澤。

微

微距攝影

極近距離的特寫攝影，可展現寶石切面、鑲爪設置和表面紋理等精細細節。需要專用微距鏡頭，是高端珠寶攝影的標準做法。

批

批次處理

同時對多張圖片套用相同的修圖操作。批次處理在準備包含數百張產品照片的大型目錄時可大幅減少時間。

投

投影陰影

放置在珠寶下方的模擬陰影，賦予其深度感和頁面上的立體感。常用於電商攝影中，防止產品看起來像懸浮在空中。

柔

柔光照明

柔和、分散的光線，可最大限度減少刺眼的陰影和高光點。透過柔光箱、燈光帳篷或半透明面板產生。是珠寶攝影的首選方式，可在不產生過多反光的情況下展現細節。

焦

焦點堆疊

一種在不同焦點拍攝同一對象的多張圖片，然後合成為一張具有完整前後銳度的圖片的技術。對於景深極淺的珠寶微距拍攝至關重要。

燈

燈箱

一種封閉式柔光攝影裝置，用於均勻照亮珠寶等小型產品。最大限度減少刺眼的陰影和反光，為修圖提供乾淨的起點。

爪

爪鑲

一種使用金屬爪（鑲爪）固定寶石的鑲嵌方式。在攝影中，鑲爪必須清晰銳利——修圖通常需要修整鑲爪頂端的外觀。

白

白平衡

相機或後期處理調整，確保中性顏色呈現為中性——白色看起來是白色，而不是偏藍或偏黃。在珠寶攝影中至關重要，即使輕微的色偏也會失真地呈現金屬和寶石顏色。

目

目錄一致性

確保目錄中所有產品圖片共享統一的背景、光線、角度和色彩平衡。一致性打造專業、值得信賴的購物體驗，對品牌形象至關重要。

背

背景去除

將珠寶物品從原始背景中分離出來，建立透明或純色背景的過程。對於要求乾淨的白色或中性背景的電商產品圖至關重要。

色

色彩校正

調整圖像的色彩平衡，以準確呈現珠寶的真實顏色。確保金色看起來是金色、銀色看起來是銀色，寶石顏色鮮明而不過度飽和。

解

解析度

圖像所包含的細節量，以像素為單位測量（例如 4000×3000 像素）。更高的解析度允許客戶放大檢查精細的珠寶細節。大多數電商平台要求最長邊至少 1000 像素。

轉

轉盤攝影

使用電動旋轉平台從多個角度（通常 24-72 幀）拍攝產品圖片。組合後這些幀可為電商列表建立 360° 互動式視圖。

金

金屬反光

在珠寶的拋光金屬表面上可見的鏡面反射。管理反光是珠寶攝影中最大的挑戰之一——它們可能暴露攝影棚設備或產生不必要的眩光。

閃

閃光增強

用於增強照片中寶石和鑽石天然閃光和光澤的數位技術。在切面邊緣精心增加高光強度的同時保持自然外觀。

陰

陰影生成

在背景去除後以數位方式建立逼真的陰影。陰影使產品在空間中有立體感和深度。常見類型包括投影陰影、鏡面陰影和自然陰影。

電

電商攝影

專門為線上零售最佳化的產品攝影。要求白色或中性背景、多角度拍攝、一致的光線以及支援縮放功能的高解析度。

風

風格參考

定義一批修圖照片所需視覺效果的範本圖片。指定背景顏色、光線角度、陰影類型和整體美感。Jewels Retouch 使用風格參考確保目錄中的每張圖片保持一致。